Austrian black pine tree 3.50 - 4.00 m Pinus nigra austriaca
Pinus nigra austriaca (Austrian black pine) is a conifer native to southeastern and central Europe, typical of the Alps, with a regular, pyramidal, dense habit that remains branched from the ground for many years. Only in extremely old plants does the crown stretch and become dome-shaped. The characteristic bark is gray-brown, rough and fissured, as the plant ages, the bark is covered with pale spots. The needles are rigid, 8-12 cm long, dark green. Female flowers are red, in pairs at the tips of new growth. The male flowers are yellow, clustered at the base of the new growth. Young cones are green and long; at maturity they become large, brown and round. Mountain species that prefer snowy winters and not too wet summers. It grows well in all types of soil, even clay and tolerates calcareous soils. It does not need to be cut, but because it resists cutting, it can be transformed into a tree with a clean stem, with a wide, thick, shaded pyramidal crown, where the sun's rays cannot penetrate. Maximum height: 20 - 30 m
Maximum width: 8 - 10 m
Zone 5 -28.8°C / -23.4°C (minimum temperature resistance).
Growth: moderate.
Location: partial shade.
Plant hardiness zones in Europe:
Average annual minimum temperatures in °C*
Zone 1 < -45.5°C
Zone 2 -45.5°C / -40.1°C
Zone 3 -40.0°C / -34.5°C
Zone 4 - 34.4°C / -28.9°C
Zone 5 -28.8°C / -23.4°C
Zone 6 -23.3°C / -17.8°C
Zone 7 -17.7°C / -12.3°C
Zone 8 -12.2°C / -6.7°C
Zone 9 -6.6°C / -1.2°C p>
Zone 10 -1.1°C / +4.4°C
Zone 11 > +4.4°C
* Minimum temperatures are an important factor that determines plant hardiness (the ability of plants to survive where these minimum temperatures can occur).
This principle was created. in the early 1960s by the "United States Department of Agriculture" and then adapted for Europe by W. Heinz and D. Schreiber.
Based on this principle, Europe was divided into 11 zones.